Kernel/include/task.hpp

/*
	This file is part of Fennix Kernel.

	Fennix Kernel is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
	published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of
	the License, or (at your option) any later version.

	Fennix Kernel is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
	GNU General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	along with Fennix Kernel. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/

#ifndef __FENNIX_KERNEL_TASKING_H__
#define __FENNIX_KERNEL_TASKING_H__

#include <types.h>

#include <filesystem.hpp>
#include <memory/va.hpp>
#include <symbols.hpp>
#include <memory.hpp>
#include <signal.hpp>
#include <ints.hpp>
#include <kexcept/cxxabi.h>
#include <debug.h>
#include <cwalk.h>
#include <vector>
#include <atomic>
#include <vector>
#include <abi.h>

#define RLIM_INFINITY (~0ULL)

typedef unsigned long long rlim_t;
struct rlimit
{
	rlim_t rlim_cur;
	rlim_t rlim_max;
};

namespace Tasking
{
	using vfs::FileDescriptorTable;

	/** Instruction Pointer */
	typedef __UINTPTR_TYPE__ IP;
	/** Process ID */
	typedef pid_t PID;
	/** Thread ID */
	typedef pid_t TID;

	enum TaskArchitecture
	{
		UnknownArchitecture,
		x32,
		x64,
		ARM32,
		ARM64,

		_ArchitectureMin = UnknownArchitecture,
		_ArchitectureMax = ARM64
	};

	enum TaskCompatibility
	{
		UnknownPlatform,
		Native,
		Linux,
		Windows,

		_CompatibilityMin = UnknownPlatform,
		_CompatibilityMax = Windows
	};

	enum TaskExecutionMode
	{
		UnknownExecutionMode,
		Kernel,
		System,
		User,

		_ExecuteModeMin = UnknownExecutionMode,
		_ExecuteModeMax = User
	};

	enum TaskState : short
	{
		UnknownStatus,

		/**
		 * Ready
		 *
		 * Used when the task is ready
		 * to be scheduled
		 */
		Ready,

		/**
		 * Running
		 *
		 * Used when the task is running
		 * on the CPU
		 */
		Running,

		/**
		 * Sleeping
		 *
		 * Used when the task is sleeping
		 * for a given amount of time
		 */
		Sleeping,

		/**
		 * Blocked
		 *
		 * Used when the task is blocked
		 * by another task or until an
		 * event occurs
		 */
		Blocked,

		/**
		 * Stopped
		 *
		 * Used when the task is stopped
		 * by the user
		 */
		Stopped,

		/**
		 * Waiting
		 *
		 * Used when the task is not ready
		 * to be scheduled by implementation
		 * e.g. Creating a separate page table
		 * or waiting for a thread to be created
		 */
		Waiting,

		/**
		 * Zombie
		 *
		 * Used when the task is waiting
		 * for the parent to read the exit
		 * code
		 */
		Zombie,

		/**
		 * Core Dump
		 *
		 * Used when the task is waiting
		 * for the parent to read the core
		 * dump
		 */
		CoreDump,

		/**
		 * Terminated
		 *
		 * Used when the task is terminated
		 * and is waiting to be cleaned up
		 * by the scheduler
		 */
		Terminated,

		/**
		 * Frozen
		 *
		 * Used internally by the kernel
		 */
		Frozen,

		_StatusMin = UnknownStatus,
		_StatusMax = Frozen
	};

	enum TaskPriority
	{
		UnknownPriority = 0,
		Idle = 1,
		Low = 2,
		Normal = 5,
		High = 8,
		Critical = 10,

		_PriorityMin = UnknownPriority,
		_PriorityMax = Critical
	};

	enum KillCode : int
	{
		KILL_SCHEDULER_DESTRUCTION = -0xFFFF,
		KILL_CXXABI_EXCEPTION = -0xECE97,
		KILL_BY_OTHER_PROCESS = -0x7A55,
		KILL_SYSCALL = -0xCA11,
		KILL_CRASH = -0xDEAD,
		KILL_OOM = -0x1008,
		KILL_ERROR = -0x1,
		KILL_SUCCESS = 0,
	};

	struct TaskInfo
	{
		uint64_t OldUserTime = 0;
		uint64_t OldKernelTime = 0;

		uint64_t SleepUntil = 0;
		uint64_t KernelTime = 0, UserTime = 0, SpawnTime = 0, LastUpdateTime = 0;
		uint64_t Year = 0, Month = 0, Day = 0, Hour = 0, Minute = 0, Second = 0;
		bool Affinity[256] = {true}; // MAX_CPU
		TaskPriority Priority = TaskPriority::Normal;
		TaskArchitecture Architecture = TaskArchitecture::UnknownArchitecture;
		TaskCompatibility Compatibility = TaskCompatibility::UnknownPlatform;
		cwk_path_style PathStyle = CWK_STYLE_UNIX;
		FileNode *RootNode = nullptr;
	};

	struct ThreadLocalStorage
	{
		/**
		 * Physical base address of the
		 * TLS segment with the data
		 */
		uintptr_t pBase;

		/**
		 * Virtual base where the TLS
		 * segment should be mapped
		 */
		uintptr_t vBase;

		/**
		 * Alignment of the TLS segment
		 */
		uintptr_t Align;

		/**
		 * Size of the TLS segment
		 */
		uintptr_t Size;

		/**
		 * File size of the TLS segment
		 */
		uintptr_t fSize;
	};

	/**
	 * TCB struct for gs register
	 */
	struct gsTCB
	{
		/** Used by syscall handler
		 * gs+0x0
		 */
		void *SyscallStack;

		/** Used by syscall handler
		 * gs+0x8
		 */
		void *TempStack;

		/* For future use */

		/** Used by syscall handler
		 * gs+0x10
		 */
		uintptr_t Flags;

		/* gs+0x18 */
		uintptr_t Padding;

		/* gs+0x20 */
		void *SyscallStackBase;

		/* gs+0x28 */
		intptr_t ScPages;

		/**
		 * The current thread class
		 * gs+0x30
		 */
		class TCB *t;

#ifdef DEBUG
		/* gs+0x38 */
		uintptr_t __stub;
#endif
	};

	class TCB
	{
	private:
		class Task *ctx = nullptr;

		/**
		 * This variable is used to
		 * store the amount of allocated
		 * memory for the process. This
		 * includes the memory allocated
		 * for the class itself, etc...
		 *
		 * @note Allocated memory is
		 * not the same as used memory.
		 */
		size_t AllocatedMemory = 0;

		void SetupUserStack_x86_64(const char **argv,
								   const char **envp,
								   const std::vector<AuxiliaryVector> &auxv,
								   TaskCompatibility Compatibility);

		void SetupUserStack_x86_32(const char **argv,
								   const char **envp,
								   const std::vector<AuxiliaryVector> &auxv,
								   TaskCompatibility Compatibility);

		void SetupUserStack_aarch64(const char **argv,
									const char **envp,
									const std::vector<AuxiliaryVector> &auxv,
									TaskCompatibility Compatibility);

		/**
		 * This function should be called after
		 * GS and FS are set up
		 */
		void SetupThreadLocalStorage();

	public:
		class Task *GetContext() { return ctx; }

		/* Basic info */
		TID ID = -1;
		const char *Name = nullptr;
		class PCB *Parent = nullptr;
		IP EntryPoint = 0;

		/* Status */
		std::atomic_int ExitCode;
		std::atomic<TaskState> State = TaskState::Waiting;
		int ErrorNumber;

		/* Memory */
		Memory::VirtualMemoryArea *vma;
		Memory::StackGuard *Stack;

		/* Signal */
		ThreadSignal Signals;

		/* CPU state */
#if defined(a64)
		CPU::x64::SchedulerFrame Registers{};
		uintptr_t ShadowGSBase, GSBase, FSBase;
#elif defined(a32)
		CPU::x32::SchedulerFrame Registers{};
		uintptr_t ShadowGSBase, GSBase, FSBase;
#elif defined(aa64)
		uintptr_t Registers; // TODO
#endif
		__aligned(16) CPU::x64::FXState FPU;

		/* Info & Security info */
		struct
		{
			TaskExecutionMode ExecutionMode = UnknownExecutionMode;
			bool IsCritical = false;
			bool IsDebugEnabled = false;
			bool IsKernelDebugEnabled = false;
		} Security{};
		TaskInfo Info{};
		ThreadLocalStorage TLS{};

		/* Compatibility structures */
		struct
		{
			int *set_child_tid{};
			int *clear_child_tid{};
			pid_t tgid = 0;
		} Linux{};

		/* Kernel Exceptions */
		ExceptionInfo KernelException{};

		int SendSignal(int sig);
		void SetState(TaskState state);
		void SetExitCode(int code);
		void Rename(const char *name);
		void SetPriority(TaskPriority priority);
		int GetExitCode() { return ExitCode.load(); }
		void SetCritical(bool Critical);
		void SetDebugMode(bool Enable);
		void SetKernelDebugMode(bool Enable);
		size_t GetSize();
		void Block() { State.store(TaskState::Blocked); }
		void Unblock() { State.store(TaskState::Ready); }

		void SYSV_ABI_Call(uintptr_t Arg1 = 0,
						   uintptr_t Arg2 = 0,
						   uintptr_t Arg3 = 0,
						   uintptr_t Arg4 = 0,
						   uintptr_t Arg5 = 0,
						   uintptr_t Arg6 = 0,
						   void *Function = nullptr);

		TCB(class Task *ctx,
			PCB *Parent,
			IP EntryPoint,
			const char **argv = nullptr,
			const char **envp = nullptr,
			const std::vector<AuxiliaryVector> &auxv = std::vector<AuxiliaryVector>(),
			TaskArchitecture Architecture = TaskArchitecture::x64,
			TaskCompatibility Compatibility = TaskCompatibility::Native,
			bool ThreadNotReady = false);

		~TCB();
	};

	class PCB
	{
	private:
		class Task *ctx = nullptr;
		bool OwnPageTable = false;

		/**
		 * This variable is used to
		 * store the amount of allocated
		 * memory for the process. This
		 * includes the memory allocated
		 * for the class itself, etc...
		 *
		 * @note Allocated memory is
		 * not the same as used memory.
		 */
		size_t AllocatedMemory = 0;

	public:
		/* Basic info */
		PID ID = -1;
		const char *Name = nullptr;
		PCB *Parent = nullptr;
		FileNode *ProcDirectory = nullptr;

		/* Statuses */
		std::atomic_int ExitCode;
		std::atomic<TaskState> State = Waiting;

		/* Info & Security info */
		struct
		{
			TaskExecutionMode ExecutionMode = UnknownExecutionMode;
			bool IsCritical = false;
			bool IsDebugEnabled = false;
			bool IsKernelDebugEnabled = false;
			bool CanAdjustHardLimits = false;
			struct
			{
				uint16_t UserID = UINT16_MAX;
				uint16_t GroupID = UINT16_MAX;
			} Real, Effective;
			pid_t ProcessGroupID = 0;
			pid_t SessionID = 0;
		} Security{};
		struct
		{
			rlim_t OpenFiles = 128;
			rlim_t Threads = 64;
			rlim_t Memory = 1073741824; /* 1 GiB */
		} SoftLimits{};
		struct
		{
			rlim_t OpenFiles = 4096;
			rlim_t Threads = 1024;
			rlim_t Memory = 8589934592; /* 8 GiB */
		} HardLimits{};
		TaskInfo Info{};
		ThreadLocalStorage TLS{};

		struct
		{
			bool vforked = false;
			TCB *CallingThread = nullptr;
		} Linux{};

		/* Filesystem */
		FileNode *CWD;
		FileNode *Executable;
		FileDescriptorTable *FileDescriptors;

		/* stdio */
		FileNode *stdin;
		FileNode *stdout;
		FileNode *stderr;
		/*TTY::TeletypeDriver*/ void *tty;

		/* Memory */
		Memory::PageTable *PageTable;
		Memory::VirtualMemoryArea *vma;
		Memory::ProgramBreak *ProgramBreak;

		/* Other */
		Signal Signals;
		mode_t FileCreationMask = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR |
								  S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP |
								  S_IROTH | S_IWOTH;

		/* Threads & Children */
		std::vector<TCB *> Threads;
		std::vector<PCB *> Children;

	public:
		class Task *GetContext() { return ctx; }

		int SendSignal(int sig);
		void SetState(TaskState state);
		void SetExitCode(int code);
		void Rename(const char *name);
		void SetWorkingDirectory(FileNode *node);
		void SetExe(const char *path);
		size_t GetSize();
		TCB *GetThread(TID ID);

		PCB(class Task *ctx,
			PCB *Parent,
			const char *Name,
			TaskExecutionMode ExecutionMode,
			bool UseKernelPageTable = false,
			uint16_t UserID = -1, uint16_t GroupID = -1);

		~PCB();
	};

	class Task
	{
	private:
		NewLock(TaskingLock);

		PID NextPID = 0;
		PCB *KernelProcess = nullptr;
		void *Scheduler = nullptr;
		void *__sched_ctx = nullptr;
		Memory::VirtualAllocation va = (void *)0xFFFFA00000000000;

		constexpr TaskArchitecture GetKArch()
		{
#if defined(a64)
			return x64;
#elif defined(a32)
			return x32;
#elif defined(aa64)
			return ARM64;
#endif
		}

		void PushProcess(PCB *pcb);
		void PopProcess(PCB *pcb);

	public:
		void *GetScheduler() { return Scheduler; }
		PCB *GetKernelProcess() { return KernelProcess; }
		std::vector<PCB *> GetProcessList();
		void Panic();
		bool IsPanic();

		/**
		 * Yield the current thread and switch
		 * to another thread if available
		 */
		void Yield();

		/**
		 * Update the current thread's trap frame
		 * without switching to another thread
		 */
		void UpdateFrame();

		void SignalShutdown();

		void KillThread(TCB *tcb, enum KillCode Code)
		{
			tcb->SetState(TaskState::Terminated);
			tcb->SetExitCode(Code);
			debug("Killing thread %s(%d) with exit code %d",
				  tcb->Name, tcb->ID, Code);
		}

		void KillProcess(PCB *pcb, enum KillCode Code)
		{
			pcb->SetState(TaskState::Terminated);
			pcb->SetExitCode(Code);
			debug("Killing process %s(%d) with exit code %d",
				  pcb->Name, pcb->ID, Code);
		}

		/**
		 * Get the Current Process object
		 * @return PCB*
		 */
		PCB *GetCurrentProcess();

		/**
		 * Get the Current Thread object
		 * @return TCB*
		 */
		TCB *GetCurrentThread();

		PCB *GetProcessByID(PID ID);

		TCB *GetThreadByID(TID ID, PCB *Parent);

		/** Wait for process to terminate */
		void WaitForProcess(PCB *pcb);

		/** Wait for thread to terminate */
		void WaitForThread(TCB *tcb);

		void WaitForProcessStatus(PCB *pcb, TaskState State);
		void WaitForThreadStatus(TCB *tcb, TaskState State);

		/**
		 * Sleep for a given amount of milliseconds
		 *
		 * @param Milliseconds Amount of milliseconds to sleep
		 */
		void Sleep(uint64_t Milliseconds, bool NoSwitch = false);

		PCB *CreateProcess(PCB *Parent,
						   const char *Name,
						   TaskExecutionMode TrustLevel,
						   bool UseKernelPageTable = false,
						   uint16_t UserID = UINT16_MAX,
						   uint16_t GroupID = UINT16_MAX);

		TCB *CreateThread(PCB *Parent,
						  IP EntryPoint,
						  const char **argv = nullptr,
						  const char **envp = nullptr,
						  const std::vector<AuxiliaryVector> &auxv = std::vector<AuxiliaryVector>(),
						  TaskArchitecture Architecture = TaskArchitecture::x64,
						  TaskCompatibility Compatibility = TaskCompatibility::Native,
						  bool ThreadNotReady = false);

		void StartScheduler();
		Task(const IP EntryPoint);
		~Task();

		friend PCB;
		friend TCB;
	};
}

/*
	If these macros are used,
	you have to add:
	"#include <smp.hpp>" too
	if necessary.
*/

#define thisProcess GetCurrentCPU()->CurrentProcess.load()
#define thisThread GetCurrentCPU()->CurrentThread.load()

#endif // !__FENNIX_KERNEL_TASKING_H__